dc.contributor.advisor |
Kara, Mehmet Erkut |
|
dc.contributor.author |
Khan, Komal |
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2022-01-26T10:33:04Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2022-01-26T10:33:04Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2022 |
|
dc.date.submitted |
2022-01-19 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/11607/4609 |
|
dc.description.abstract |
Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the morphological, densitometric and
biomechanical properties of the long bones of the broiler.
Material and Methods: The long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, and tibia) of wings and legs of 32 broiler chickens were dissected out and stored in the freezer. The bone morphometric measurements showing general and cross-sectional geometry were obtained using computed tomography images. Except for the radius and ulna, bone densities were measured by the DEXA. For biomechanical testing, three point bending was performed on right side and shear testing was conducted on the left side.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the morphometric features of the right and left side bones. Cortical thickness indices were seen highest in the radius and lowest in the femur. The 95% confidence interval value of maximum bending strength, elastic modulus and maximum shear strength was highest for the radius (84.23-97.68 MPa, 3.64-4.36 GPa and 14.94-17.6 MPa) and lowest for the femur (25.30-30.43 MPa, 0.46-0.56 GPa and 6.09-7.65 MPa), respectively. The coefficients of variation for different biomechanical test calculations showed that generally, the variability of the three-point bending test was lower than the shear test.
Conclusion: This study gives information about the cross-sectional geometry, mineral density and biomechanical properties of all the long bones of broiler obtained by different techniques. These data can be used in broilers’ breeding and feeding studies for evaluation of the bone strength, by applying the most suitable method and comparing with the provided normal values. |
tr_TR |
dc.description.abstract |
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı etlik piliç uzun kemiklerinin morfolojik, dansitometrik ve
biyomekanik özelliklerini analiz etmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 32 adet etlik pilice ait kanat ve bacak uzun kemikleri (humerus,
radius, ulna, femur ve tibia) diseke edilip, dondurucuda saklandı. Bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüleri
kullanılarak kemiğin genel ve kesitsel geometrisini gösterir morfometrik ölçümler alındı. Radius
ve ulna dışındaki kemikler için kemik yoğunlukları DEXA ile ölçüldü. Sağ taraf kemiklerinde üç
nokta eğme testi sol taraf kemiklerinde kesme testi ile biyomekanik testler uygulandı.
Bulgular: Sağ ve sol taraf kemiklerinin morfometrik özellikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak
farklılık görülmedi. Kortikal kalınlık indeksleri en yüksek olarak radius'da, en düşük femur'da
görüldü. Maksimum eğme dayanımı, elastik modulus ve maksimum kesme dayanımı %95 güven
aralığı değeri en yüksek olarak radius'da (84.23-97.68 Mpa; 3.64-4.36 GPa; 14.94-17.6 MPa) en
düşük olarak femur'da (25.30-30.43Mpa; 0.46-0.56 GPa; 6.09-7.65 MPa) hesaplandı. Farklı
biyomekanik test hesaplamalarının varyasyon katsayıları incelendiğinde genel olarak üç nokta
eğme testinin varyasyon katsayılarının kesme testine göre daha düşük olduğu görüldü.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonuçları etlik piliçlerin tüm uzun kemiklerinin kesit geometrisi, kemik
yoğunluğu ve farklı test yöntemleriyle elde edilen biyomekanik özellikleri hakkında bilgi
vermektedir. Bu veriler etlik piliçlere ilişkin, yetiştiricilik ve besleme araştırmalarında, kemik
dayanımının değerlendirilmesi aşamasında, araştırıcılara uygun değerlendirme metodunun
kullanılması ve normal değerlerin bilinmesi yönünden destek olabilecek niteliktedir. |
tr_TR |
dc.description.sponsorship |
Directorate of Scientific Research Projects of Aydın Adnan Menderes University through ADU-BAP VTF-20020. |
tr_TR |
dc.description.tableofcontents |
KABUL VE ONAY ........................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................................... ii
AKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ iv
ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... x
LIST OF TABLES xiii
ÖZET xiv
ABSTRACT xv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. GENERAL INFORMATION 4
2.1. Bone Tissue 4
2.2. Features of Birds’ Bones and Their Fundamental Discrepancies to Mammalian Bones 5
2.3. Skeletal Deformities in Chicken .............................................................................. 5
2.4. Bone Strength ........................................................................................................... 6
2.5. Description of the Invasive Methods ...................................................................... 7
2.5.1. Bone Ashing .......................................................................................................... 7
2.5.2. Histomorphometry ................................................................................................ 7
2.5.3. Biochemistry ......................................................................................................... 8
2.6. Description of Non-invasive Methods ..................................................................... 9
2.6.1. Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning Technique .............................................. 9
2.6.2. Micro Computed Tomography (µCT) ................................................................... 10
2.6.3. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Technique ..................................... 11
2.6.4. Digitized Radiographs and Fluoroscopy ............................................................... 12
2.7. Bone Indices ............................................................................................................. 13
2.8. Biomechanical Testing Techniques ......................................................................... 13
2.8.1. General Considerations for Appropriate Biomechanical Test .............................. 14
2.8.2. Samples Harvesting and Preparation for Biomechanical Tests ............................ 15
2.8.3. Standard Biomechanical Tests .............................................................................. 16
2.8.3.1. Bending .............................................................................................................. 17
2.8.3.1.1. Three Point Bending ....................................................................................... 17
2.8.3.1.2. Four Point Bending ......................................................................................... 18
2.8.3.2. Cantilever Testing Method ................................................................................. 19
2.8.3.3. Compressive Testing Method ............................................................................. 19
2.8.3.4. Tensile Testing Method ...................................................................................... 20
2.8.3.5. Torsional Testing Method .................................................................................. 21
2.8.3.6. Impact Test .......................................................................................................... 21
2.8.3.7. Shear Testing Method ......................................................................................... 22
3. MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................... 23
3.1. Sampling and Preservation of Bones ........................................................................ 23
3.2. Computed Tomographic (CT) Scanning of Bones for Geometrical Measurements 25
3.3. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) for Calculation of BMD (g/cm2) .... 38
3.4. Biomechanical Testing of the Bones ........................................................................ 40
3.5. Tibial Dyschondroplasia (TD) .................................................................................. 48
3.6. Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................... 48
4. RESULTS ................................................................................................................... 49
4.1. Morphological Measurements (CT scans) ............................................................... 49
4.2. Bone Mineral Density Measurements ...................................................................... 57
4.3. Bone Biomechanical Testing ................................................................................... 58
4.4. Quantification of TD lesion ..................................................................................... 67
5. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................. 68
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 77
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 78
BİLİMSEL ETİK BEYANI .......................................................................................... 94
STATEMENT OF ETHICS IN SCIENCE ................................................................... 95
RESUME ...................................................................................................................... 96 |
tr_TR |
dc.language.iso |
eng |
tr_TR |
dc.publisher |
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü |
tr_TR |
dc.rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
tr_TR |
dc.subject |
Biomechanical, Bone, Broiler, Density, Morphometry |
tr_TR |
dc.subject |
Biyomekanik, Dansite, Etlik piliç, Kemik, Morfometri |
tr_TR |
dc.title |
Morphological, densitometric and biomechanical evaluation of the bone strength in broilers |
tr_TR |
dc.title.alternative |
Etlik piliçlerde kemik dayanımının morfolojik, dansitometrik ve biyomekanik yöntemlerle değerlendirilmesi |
tr_TR |
dc.type |
doctoralThesis |
tr_TR |
dc.contributor.department |
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Veteriner Anatomi |
tr_TR |