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Morphological, densitometric and biomechanical evaluation of the bone strength in broilers

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dc.contributor.advisor Kara, Mehmet Erkut
dc.contributor.author Khan, Komal
dc.date.accessioned 2022-01-26T10:33:04Z
dc.date.available 2022-01-26T10:33:04Z
dc.date.issued 2022
dc.date.submitted 2022-01-19
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/11607/4609
dc.description.abstract Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the morphological, densitometric and biomechanical properties of the long bones of the broiler. Material and Methods: The long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, and tibia) of wings and legs of 32 broiler chickens were dissected out and stored in the freezer. The bone morphometric measurements showing general and cross-sectional geometry were obtained using computed tomography images. Except for the radius and ulna, bone densities were measured by the DEXA. For biomechanical testing, three point bending was performed on right side and shear testing was conducted on the left side. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the morphometric features of the right and left side bones. Cortical thickness indices were seen highest in the radius and lowest in the femur. The 95% confidence interval value of maximum bending strength, elastic modulus and maximum shear strength was highest for the radius (84.23-97.68 MPa, 3.64-4.36 GPa and 14.94-17.6 MPa) and lowest for the femur (25.30-30.43 MPa, 0.46-0.56 GPa and 6.09-7.65 MPa), respectively. The coefficients of variation for different biomechanical test calculations showed that generally, the variability of the three-point bending test was lower than the shear test. Conclusion: This study gives information about the cross-sectional geometry, mineral density and biomechanical properties of all the long bones of broiler obtained by different techniques. These data can be used in broilers’ breeding and feeding studies for evaluation of the bone strength, by applying the most suitable method and comparing with the provided normal values. tr_TR
dc.description.abstract Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı etlik piliç uzun kemiklerinin morfolojik, dansitometrik ve biyomekanik özelliklerini analiz etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 32 adet etlik pilice ait kanat ve bacak uzun kemikleri (humerus, radius, ulna, femur ve tibia) diseke edilip, dondurucuda saklandı. Bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüleri kullanılarak kemiğin genel ve kesitsel geometrisini gösterir morfometrik ölçümler alındı. Radius ve ulna dışındaki kemikler için kemik yoğunlukları DEXA ile ölçüldü. Sağ taraf kemiklerinde üç nokta eğme testi sol taraf kemiklerinde kesme testi ile biyomekanik testler uygulandı. Bulgular: Sağ ve sol taraf kemiklerinin morfometrik özellikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık görülmedi. Kortikal kalınlık indeksleri en yüksek olarak radius'da, en düşük femur'da görüldü. Maksimum eğme dayanımı, elastik modulus ve maksimum kesme dayanımı %95 güven aralığı değeri en yüksek olarak radius'da (84.23-97.68 Mpa; 3.64-4.36 GPa; 14.94-17.6 MPa) en düşük olarak femur'da (25.30-30.43Mpa; 0.46-0.56 GPa; 6.09-7.65 MPa) hesaplandı. Farklı biyomekanik test hesaplamalarının varyasyon katsayıları incelendiğinde genel olarak üç nokta eğme testinin varyasyon katsayılarının kesme testine göre daha düşük olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonuçları etlik piliçlerin tüm uzun kemiklerinin kesit geometrisi, kemik yoğunluğu ve farklı test yöntemleriyle elde edilen biyomekanik özellikleri hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Bu veriler etlik piliçlere ilişkin, yetiştiricilik ve besleme araştırmalarında, kemik dayanımının değerlendirilmesi aşamasında, araştırıcılara uygun değerlendirme metodunun kullanılması ve normal değerlerin bilinmesi yönünden destek olabilecek niteliktedir. tr_TR
dc.description.sponsorship Directorate of Scientific Research Projects of Aydın Adnan Menderes University through ADU-BAP VTF-20020. tr_TR
dc.description.tableofcontents KABUL VE ONAY ........................................................................................................ i APPROVAL .................................................................................................................... ii AKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ iv ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES xiii ÖZET xiv ABSTRACT xv 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GENERAL INFORMATION 4 2.1. Bone Tissue 4 2.2. Features of Birds’ Bones and Their Fundamental Discrepancies to Mammalian Bones 5 2.3. Skeletal Deformities in Chicken .............................................................................. 5 2.4. Bone Strength ........................................................................................................... 6 2.5. Description of the Invasive Methods ...................................................................... 7 2.5.1. Bone Ashing .......................................................................................................... 7 2.5.2. Histomorphometry ................................................................................................ 7 2.5.3. Biochemistry ......................................................................................................... 8 2.6. Description of Non-invasive Methods ..................................................................... 9 2.6.1. Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning Technique .............................................. 9 2.6.2. Micro Computed Tomography (µCT) ................................................................... 10 2.6.3. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Technique ..................................... 11 2.6.4. Digitized Radiographs and Fluoroscopy ............................................................... 12 2.7. Bone Indices ............................................................................................................. 13 2.8. Biomechanical Testing Techniques ......................................................................... 13 2.8.1. General Considerations for Appropriate Biomechanical Test .............................. 14 2.8.2. Samples Harvesting and Preparation for Biomechanical Tests ............................ 15 2.8.3. Standard Biomechanical Tests .............................................................................. 16 2.8.3.1. Bending .............................................................................................................. 17 2.8.3.1.1. Three Point Bending ....................................................................................... 17 2.8.3.1.2. Four Point Bending ......................................................................................... 18 2.8.3.2. Cantilever Testing Method ................................................................................. 19 2.8.3.3. Compressive Testing Method ............................................................................. 19 2.8.3.4. Tensile Testing Method ...................................................................................... 20 2.8.3.5. Torsional Testing Method .................................................................................. 21 2.8.3.6. Impact Test .......................................................................................................... 21 2.8.3.7. Shear Testing Method ......................................................................................... 22 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................... 23 3.1. Sampling and Preservation of Bones ........................................................................ 23 3.2. Computed Tomographic (CT) Scanning of Bones for Geometrical Measurements 25 3.3. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) for Calculation of BMD (g/cm2) .... 38 3.4. Biomechanical Testing of the Bones ........................................................................ 40 3.5. Tibial Dyschondroplasia (TD) .................................................................................. 48 3.6. Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................... 48 4. RESULTS ................................................................................................................... 49 4.1. Morphological Measurements (CT scans) ............................................................... 49 4.2. Bone Mineral Density Measurements ...................................................................... 57 4.3. Bone Biomechanical Testing ................................................................................... 58 4.4. Quantification of TD lesion ..................................................................................... 67 5. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................. 68 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 77 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 78 BİLİMSEL ETİK BEYANI .......................................................................................... 94 STATEMENT OF ETHICS IN SCIENCE ................................................................... 95 RESUME ...................................................................................................................... 96 tr_TR
dc.language.iso eng tr_TR
dc.publisher Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü tr_TR
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess tr_TR
dc.subject Biomechanical, Bone, Broiler, Density, Morphometry tr_TR
dc.subject Biyomekanik, Dansite, Etlik piliç, Kemik, Morfometri tr_TR
dc.title Morphological, densitometric and biomechanical evaluation of the bone strength in broilers tr_TR
dc.title.alternative Etlik piliçlerde kemik dayanımının morfolojik, dansitometrik ve biyomekanik yöntemlerle değerlendirilmesi tr_TR
dc.type doctoralThesis tr_TR
dc.contributor.department Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Veteriner Anatomi tr_TR


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