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Bpa (bisfenol-a)'a alternatif yeni biyo-bazlı epoksi-nanokompozit kaplamaların elde edilmesi

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dc.contributor.advisor Babahan Bircan, İlknur
dc.contributor.author Hasan, Samer Obaid Hasan
dc.date.accessioned 2021-11-26T10:11:51Z
dc.date.available 2021-11-26T10:11:51Z
dc.date.issued 2021-11-05
dc.date.submitted 2021-08-24
dc.identifier.citation Hasan, S.O.H. (2021) Bpa (bisfenol-a)'a alternatif yeni biyo-bazlı epoksi-nanokompozit kaplamaların elde edilmesi (yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın tr_TR
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/11607/4531
dc.description.abstract Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, alüminyum tabanlı metalik yüzeyler için Bisfenol-A(BPA)'ya alternatif olarak yeni biyobazlı epoksi-nanokompozit kaplamaların elde edilmesi. Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Ocak-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Kimya Bölümünde (Aydın, Türkiye) gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk aşamada, epoksi fonksiyonelleştirilmiş tung yağı (ETO), tung yağının, glisidil metakrilat (GMA) ile 2,4,6-tris (dimetilaminometil)fenol ve fenotiyazin varlığında Diels-Alder reaksiyonu ile sentezlenmiştir. Daha sonra, yeni epoksi-nanokompozit kaplamalar, epoksi fonksiyonelleştirilmiş tung yağı’nın (ETO) çapraz bağlama ajanı olan iki farklı polieteramin ile (Jeffamine T403 ve ED900) reaksiyonundan, nanopartikül olarak grafen, fulleren ve karbon nanotüpler (CNT’ler) kullanılarak başarıyla elde edilmiştir. Kürlenme sıcaklığı olarak 4 farklı sıcaklık kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Epoksi reçine ve yeni nanokompozitlerin karakter analizlari IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DSC ve TGA teknikleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Epoksi-amin nanokompozitlerin 420 oC’ye kadar termal karaklılık gösterdiği TGA analizi ile tesbit edilirken, bu sertleşmiş filmlerin, DSC analizlerinde camsı geçiş sıcaklıkları (Tg) gözlenmemiştir. Elde edilen yeni epoksi-nano kaplamaların mekanik özellikleri, sarkaç sertliği, kalem sertliği, çapraz yapışma, çekme yapışma ve darbe direnci gibi farklı testlerle tesbit edilmiştir. Genel olarak, epoksi-amin nanokompozitlerden 120 °C'de CNT ile hazırlanan kaplamalar en yüksek sarkaç sertliği değerlerine sahip olurken, diğer mekanik özellikler açısından herhangibir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Tüm sistemler, ASTM standartlarına göre iyi çapraz yapışma (5B), kalem sertliği (> 6H), çekme yapışması (> 2 lb/in2 ) ve darbe dirence (> 40) özelliklerine sahiptir. xii Sonuç: Yeni epoksi-amin nanokompozit kaplamalar mükemmel termal kararlılık sergilemiştir. Ayrıca, tüm kürlenmiş filmler, iyi yapışma, sertlik ve darbe direnci özelliklerine sahiptir. Mükemmel termal kararlılık ve iyi mekanik özelliklerinden dolayı yiyecek ve içecek kutularının iç yüzeylerinde kullanılan BPA esaslı epoksi kaplamalara alternatif olabilirler. tr_TR
dc.description.abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to synthesize new biobased epoxide-nanocomposite coatings as an alternative to BPA for aluminum surfaces. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Aydin, Turkey, between January-December 2020. In the first step, epoxy functionalized tung oil (ETO) was prepared from the reaction of tung oil with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the presence of phenothiazine as a catalyst via the Diels Alder reaction. Subsequently, these new epoxide-nanocomposite coatings were successfully synthesized from the reaction of an epoxy functionalized tung oil (ETO) and two different polyether amines (Jeffamines T403 and ED900) as cross-linking agents, catalized by 2,4,6-tris (dimethylamino-methyl) phenol, premixed with graphene, fullerene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nanoparticles. Four different curing temperatures were applied. Results: Epoxide resin and the new nanocomposites were identified via 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, DSC and TGA analyses. While thermal stability of epoxide-amine nanocomposites are observed up to 420 °C according to TGA analysis, these cured films are displayed no glass transition points (Tgs) by DSC. The determination of the mechanical properties of the resulting nano coatings was accomplished by pendulum hardness, pencil hardness, cross-hatch adhesion, pull-off adhesion, impact and reverse impact resistance tests. Whereas, the epoxide-amine nanocomposite systems at 120 °C with CNT have the highest pendulum hardness values, there are no big differences in terms of the other mechanical properties. The all systems display good crosshatch adhesion (5B), pencil hardness (> 6H), pull-off adhesion (> 2 lb/in2 ), impact and reverse impact resistance (> 40) according to the ASTM standards. xiv Conclusion: New epoxide-amine nanocomposite coatings exhibit excellent thermal stability. All the cured films showed good adhesion, hardness, and impact resistance properties. They can be used as alternative coatings instead of BPA based epoxy resins in various coating systems in food and beverage industries due to their excellent thermal stability and good mechanical properties. tr_TR
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................iii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVAITIONS.............................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................viii LIST OF SCHEMES........................................................................................................................ix LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................x ÖZET...............................................................................................................................................xi ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................xiii 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1 1.1.Epoxy Resins ........................................................................................................................2 1.2.Properties of Epoxy Resins ..................................................................................................4 1.3.Types of Epoxy Resins.........................................................................................................5 1.3.1. Glycidyl Ether Epoxy Resins....................................................................................5 1.3.2. Glycidyl Amine Epoxy Resin....................................................................................9 1.3.3. Epoxy Glycidyl Ester..............................................................................................10 1.3.4. Non Glycidyl (Cycloaliphatic) Epoxy Resin...........................................................12 1.4.Curing Agents of Epoxy Resins.........................................................................................12 1.4.1. Nitrogen- Containing Curing Agents......................................................................13 1.4.1.1.Amines..............................................................................................................13 1.4.2. Curing Agents Containing Oxygen.........................................................................14 1.4.3. Curing Agents Containing Sulphur.........................................................................14 1.5.Bio-Based Curing Agents...................................................................................................15 1.5.1. Cardanol- Based Curing Agents..............................................................................15 1.5.2. Citric Acid-Based Curing Agents............................................................................15 1.5.3. Rosin- Based Curing Agents...................................................................................15 1.5.4. Furan- Based Curing Agents...................................................................................16 1.6.Curing Process....................................................................................................................16 1.7.Applications of Epoxy Resins............................................................................................19 iv 1.8.Bisphenol A........................................................................................................................20 1.9.Bio-Based Epoxy Resins.....................................................................................................21 1.9.1. Vegetable Oils - Based Epoxies..............................................................................21 1.9.2. Furan- Based Epoxy................................................................................................23 1.10. Epoxy Nano Composites.........................................................................................25 1.10.1. Types of Nanomaterials for Epoxy Resins..............................................................27 1.10.1.1. Carbon Nanotubes.......................................................................................27 1.10.1.2. Graphene.....................................................................................................28 1.10.1.3. Fullerene.....................................................................................................29 2. LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................................30 3. MATERIAL AND METHOD..................................................................................................34 3.1.Material and Chemicals......................................................................................................34 3.2.Instruments.........................................................................................................................34 3.3.Coating Tests......................................................................................................................35 3.4.Method................................................................................................................................35 3.4.1. Step: Epoxidation of Tung Oil................................................................................36 3.4.2. Step: Preparation of Formulations...........................................................................37 3.4.3. Step: Polymerization...............................................................................................38 3.4.4. Step: Application....................................................................................................40 3.4.5. Step: Curing Process...............................................................................................40 3.5.Coating Tests and Characterization....................................................................................41 3.5.1. Thermal Analysis....................................................................................................41 3.5.2. Gel Content Test.....................................................................................................41 3.6.Mechanical Tests................................................................................................................42 3.6.1. Pendulum Hardness Test.........................................................................................42 3.6.2. Pencil Hardness Test...............................................................................................43 3.6.3. Cross Cut AdhesionTest..........................................................................................43 3.6.4. Pull-Off Adhesion Test...........................................................................................43 3.6.5. Impact Resistance Test (Resistance to Rapid Deformation) ..................................44 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...............................................................................................45 4.1. Epoxidation of Tung Oil.....................................................................................................45 v 4.2.Results of ETO-ETO Coatings............................................................................................48 4.2.1. IR Results of ETO-ETO Coatings...........................................................................48 4.2.2. DSC Results of ETO-ETO Coatings.......................................................................49 4.2.3. TGA Results of ETO-ETO Coatings ......................................................................50 4.3.Results of New Epoxide-Nanocomposite Coatings ............................................................51 4.3.1. IR Results of New Epoxide-Nanocomposite Systems ............................................52 4.3.2. DSC Results of New Epoxide-Nanocomposite Systems.........................................56 4.3.3. TGA Results of New Epoxide-Nanocomposite Systems.........................................58 4.3.4. Gel-Content Test of Epoxide-Nanocomposite Networks........................................60 4.3.5. General Coating Properties of Epoxide-Nanocomposite Networks........................62 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................66 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................67 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………………77 APPENDIX 1: Supplementary Materials………………………………………………………...77 SCIENTIFIC ETHICAL STATEMENT …………………………………………….…………..79 CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………….............................80 tr_TR
dc.language.iso eng tr_TR
dc.publisher Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü tr_TR
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess tr_TR
dc.subject Tung yağı, Biyo bazlı epoksi kaplamalar, Nano kompozitler, Jeffamine T403 ve Jeffamine-ED900, BPA tr_TR
dc.subject Tung oil, Bio-based epoxide coatings, Nano composites, Jeffamine T403 and Jeffamine-ED900, BPA tr_TR
dc.title Bpa (bisfenol-a)'a alternatif yeni biyo-bazlı epoksi-nanokompozit kaplamaların elde edilmesi tr_TR
dc.title.alternative Preparation of new bio-based epoxy nanocomposite coatings replacment of bpa (bisphenol a) tr_TR
dc.type masterThesis tr_TR
dc.contributor.department Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı tr_TR


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